0ppm ammonia and nitrite (or the tank is not finished cycling)
Nitrate ranges anywhere from 0-40 ppm on average for planted tanks, depending on tank setup and if you're dosing ferts or not. I try and maintain my nitrates under 10ppm for my low tech setups.
pH on average 6.8-7.2, depending on whether or not CO2 is being injected into the tank (CO2 will "artifically" lower pH readings) Livestock are more affected by pH, gH, and kH than most plants. pH and kH readings can be helpful in determining CO2 levels in CO2 injected tanks.
I personally use this kit: http://www.bigalspets.com/freshwater-master-test-kit.html You can invest in more accurate (and expensive) electronic kits, but drop kits are usually sufficient for most hobbyist purposes.
Nitrate ranges anywhere from 0-40 ppm on average for planted tanks, depending on tank setup and if you're dosing ferts or not. I try and maintain my nitrates under 10ppm for my low tech setups.
pH on average 6.8-7.2, depending on whether or not CO2 is being injected into the tank (CO2 will "artifically" lower pH readings) Livestock are more affected by pH, gH, and kH than most plants. pH and kH readings can be helpful in determining CO2 levels in CO2 injected tanks.
I personally use this kit: http://www.bigalspets.com/freshwater-master-test-kit.html You can invest in more accurate (and expensive) electronic kits, but drop kits are usually sufficient for most hobbyist purposes.