Without reading any of the comments, I'll add mine in.
There's really no time frame for how long DI resin lasts. When I had reef tanks and made RODI water I'd just carefully monitor what my output TDS was. If it was anything other than 0 I'd replace it because even 1 TDS means it's depleted. Depending on how many water changes I was doing, or how much evaporation I was needing to replace it could last 6 months, or sometimes longer. I'd also look at the color....if it was anything other than blue, it's getting close to or is already exhausted.
When I replaced it I'd usually swap out the rest of the cartridges. It was probably wasteful, but if I'm replacing one thing, I might as well replace the rest.
Best practice is have the materials on hand to replace everything and once you do, just reorder everything on the same day. The benefit is that you'll never not have what you need on hand.
ETA: forgot the actual response to your specific question. It's hard to say if having DI resin just sitting in water inside the housing for a long period will have an effect. The only real way to know is to measure the output TDS. Turn it on and let it run for a while, then test what's coming out. If it's above 0 TDS, it needs replacement. I've had DI resin sitting in the housing with water in it from when I moved a little over a year ago. Once I get the RO mounted, my plan is to just replace everything.