I use nylon stockings to make media bags. Finer materials do not pass through, but the water goes through just fine.
I can cut a knee-hi stocking into 2 or 3 bags. Larger filters (canisters, Aquaclear 110) use half a knee hi, or even 2 such bags. Smaller filters (most other HOB filters) use 1-2 of the smaller bags.
Nylon stockings are pretty stretchy, but if the filter has a large surface area or several compartments (Fluval canisters, for example, have divided baskets, and Filstars have large flat baskets) so it takes a couple of bags to make sure the water flows through the media.
I do not run AC, but I have used these media bags for peat moss, coral sand, and oyster shell grit.
I use rubber bands to close off the peat moss, and when the rubber band rots it is time to put in new peat moss. (The rotting rubber band has no effect on the tank)
I use zip ties to close off longer lasting media.